The report “Repression Without Borders: Transnational Authoritarianism in the Digital Age” reveals how modern authoritarian regimes use digital technologies to target activists, journalists, and human rights defenders even after they flee abroad. Drawing on numerous cases across Europe, the study shows how states deploy spyware, phishing campaigns, deepfake videos, online harassment, DDoS attacks, and the abuse of legal and international mechanisms to continue exerting pressure on those seeking safety in exile.

The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the ecosystem of digital repression, describing its multi-layered architecture of surveillance, intrusion, and psychological intimidation. It examines the global spyware market, the growing role of AI, and the vulnerabilities of major digital platforms. Readers will learn why Europe remains susceptible to transnational threats, which tools are most frequently used against diasporas and opposition communities, and how these tactics endanger freedom of expression, privacy, and civic participation.

The study concludes with practical insights and recommendations for governments, international organizations, and technology platforms on how to counter digital authoritarianism and protect at-risk groups.